应用脂肪粒径预测UHT乳货架期的研究

以市售UHT乳为研究对象,应用Arrhenius模型通过对脂肪粒径的分析,预测UHT乳的货架期.UHT乳分别在25℃、45℃环境下恒温储藏,并定期随机抽样进行感官检验和脂肪粒径含量测定.应用Arrhenius方法分析用脂肪粒径含量来预测样品货架期,并建立了模型.     

Risk factors for stillbirth and foetal mummification in four Brazilian swine herds

The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of stillbirth and foetal mummification in 565 farrowings of four commercial pig farms in Brazil. Stillborn piglets were observed in 31.3% of the litters and the stillborn risk was 5.6%. Mummified foetuses occurred in 42.1% of the litters and the mummification risk was 3.4%. The potential risk factors were included in multivariable logistic regression models as categories: herd (1–4); parity (1, 2–5 and >5); litter size (<10, 10–12 and >12 piglets); farrowing length (≤3 or >3 h); presence of mummified foetuses (yes or no); farrowing induction (yes or no); use of oxytocin (yes or no); use of vaginal palpation (yes or no); body condition score (<3, 3 and ≥4), and placental production index (PPI) (≤5 or >5) which was measured as the ratio of total foetal weight to total placental weight. Duration of farrowing and use of farrowing induction, oxytocin or vaginal palpation were not included in the model that investigated the risk factors of foetal mummification. Two models were used to investigate the risk factors of stillbirth, one with and the other without the inclusion of farrowing length. When compared to sows of parity 2–5, sows of parity >5 had 1.7- and 1.6-times higher odds (P < 0.05) for stillbirth in the models with and without the inclusion of farrowing length, respectively. In both models, sows with more than 12 piglets/litter had 3.6-times higher odds of stillbirth occurrence compared to sows with less than 10 piglets (P < 0.05). Sows with prolonged farrowing (>3 h) had 2.0-times higher odds of stillbirth occurrence than sows with short farrowing (P < 0.05). Sows with more than 12 piglets/litter had 14.5-times higher odds of mummification compared to sows with less than 10 piglets (P < 0.05). Sows of parities 1 and >5 had 3.5- and 2.0-times, respectively, higher odds of mummification in comparison to sows of parity 2–5 (P < 0.05). Sows with low PPI had 1.7-times higher odds of mummification compared to those with high PPI (P < 0.05). A large litter, a high-parity and a prolonged farrowing increased the risk of stillbirth. The probability of having a mummified foetus was increased in very young and older sows, when having a large litter and a litter with a less efficient placenta.     

南江黄羊体重体尺性状的RAPD分析研究

选用4种扩增多态性良好的RAPD引物,对45只南江黄羊基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,对多态标记结果应用SPSS统计之星软件进行统计分析。结果表明:南江黄羊基因组多态频率为84%。RAPD多态标记条带与体重紧密连锁的标记有CY0816引物扩增的ABCF片段和F09引物扩增的ABDF片段,这两种标记组合对体重的贡献率分别为32.6%和28.9%;与体长(A1)、胸围(A3)和胸深(A5)紧密连锁的标记有CY0816引物扩增的ABF片段和F09引物扩增的ABEF片段,其贡献率均在24.2%～28.9%之间。     

鄂西北马头山羊繁殖性能分析

湖北省 6个县、市农户饲养的马头山羊繁殖性能调查资料 ,表明马头山羊公、母羔的初情日龄分别为 14 0 4± 16 9和 10 8 4±19 1,母羊发情持续期为 5 8 6h± 15 9h ,发情周期为 19 7d± 1 5d。母羊妊娠 15 0d± 7 4d ,产羔数平均为 (2 14± 0 9)只 ,羔羊成活率平均为 90 8% ,公羔和母羔的初生重分别为 1 61kg± 0 45kg和 1 5 9kg± 0 68kg。妊娠期与胎次无关 ,但随窝产羔数的增加而延长。产羔数以头胎最低 ,第 4胎时达到最高峰 ,然后逐渐降低。羔羊成活率在第 1～ 5胎差异不明显 ,第 6和第 7胎显著降低 ,第 8胎以后又升高。窝产羔数为 1～ 4时 ,羔羊成活率最高 ,产羔数为 5时 ,成活率最低。羔羊初生重与性别有关 ,公羔显著大于母羔。公羔的初生重与胎次有关 ,但与窝产羔数相关关系不明显。头胎母羊所产公羔的初生重最低 ,随胎次的增加 ,初生重有增大的趋势 ,而母羔则没有这种趋势。比较发现马头山羊类似于多胎动物     

Suitability of wood fiber substrate for production of vegetable transplants: I. Physical properties of wood fiber substrates

Several experiments were conducted with the objective to find suitable alternatives for peat substrates. Physical properties of wood fiber substrates in comparison to other organic substrates were examined. Volume weight, total pore space, pore size distribution, available water, container and air capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and volume loss of these substrates were determined. Wood fiber substrates showed a similar volume weight and total pore space as peat substrates, but lower water retention. Particularly the drainage performance of wood substrates results in a quick drainage of surplus water. An increase of volume weight caused a decrease of total pore space, air content and saturated hydraulic conductivity and an increase in water retention. Evaluation of these parameters under container conditions is critical since they are directly related to irrigation and therefore to plant growth. A compression of wood fiber substrates in the pots is recommended to minimize substrate loss. An increase of compression levels reduced the volume loss to almost 0 vol.%. The effect of wood fiber substrates and their volume weight on plant growth will be reported in a second paper.     

妃子笑荔枝早花果和晚花果大小不同与温度的关系

以着生于同一果穗上的妃子笑早花果和晚花果为对比试材,研究发现,早花果比晚花果大1.5倍以上,其大小差异与它们发育期间所经历的温度条件有关;生长温度比平均气温更能反映温度对果实发育影响;晚花果在开花前的温度及其累积量均大于早花果,可能导致晚花果的子房壁细胞数量少于早花果;晚花果在果实发育阶段I的平均温度大于早花果是缩短阶段I的原因,而其累积量小则是全果、果皮和种子重量低于早花果的原因;在阶段II,晚花果的温度累积量大,但果皮和假种皮重量显著低于早花果。此结果也间接地说明阶段I的果皮发育对阶段II的假种皮发育和最终果实大小具决定性的作用(球皮对球胆效应)。     

催乳素受体基因对大白、长白猪产仔数的影响

采用PCR—RFLP法对大白、长白猪进行催乳素受体（PRLR）基因多态性检测，结果表明，两个品种的PRLR等位基因B频率略高于等位基因A频率，大白母猪PRLR基因型为AA的各胎平均产仔数比AB型高1．62头（P〈0．05），比BB型高2．41头（P〈0．05）；长白母猪AA型比AB型和BB型相应高1.32和3．33头（P〈0．05）。     

良种鸡与地方鸡杂交试验报告

利用不同品种的良种蛋鸡与本地地方鸡杂交,以提高地方鸡产蛋量、蛋重和淘汰鸡体重.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、重组分别为湖北红鸡(?)×地方鸡(?)、地方鸡(?)×湖北红鸡(?),地方鸡(?)×罗曼褐商品代(?).第Ⅳ组为地方鸡(?)×地方鸡(?).试验结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比,20周龄体重、42周龄体重、72周龄淘汰鸡体重、产蛋量、蛋重均能有效得到提高,其中42周龄体重和72周龄淘汰鸡体重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著,与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,42周龄平均蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、组与Ⅳ组相比差异极显著,Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比差异显著.42周龄单枚蛋重Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加7.4g、8.54g和10g,72周龄产蛋量Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组相比分别增加41、35,55枚.     

Interactions between the associations of parity, lactation length, and weaning-to-conception interval with subsequent litter size in swine herds using early weaning

Sixteen farms having an average lactation length between 14.9 and 18.9 days were selected based upon producers' willingness to keep records of production and lactation feed intake. Data contained 9162 subsequent litter-size records abstracted from computerized production information-system files and lactation feed-intake records. Two-way interactions between the associations of parity and lactation length, and parity and weaning-to-conception interval with subsequent litter size were found in the same statistical model. Subsequent litter size did not increase in parities 1 and 2 as lactation length increased – but subsequent litter size in sows of parities 3–6 increased. In only parity 1, sows with weaning-to-conception interval 6–12 days produced 0.5 fewer pigs at subsequent farrowing than those with weaning-to-conception interval 1–5 days. However, in multiparous sows, no difference in subsequent litter size was found between weaning-to-conception intervals 1–5 and 6–12 days.